Getting the list of the AD groups if nice and easy in PowerShell. All the CmdLets are located in the ActiveDirectory
module which you might not have installed on your system.
To install the module you'll need these Windows features
Add-WindowsFeature RSAT-AD-PowerShell, RSAT-AD-AdminCenter
Then you can import the module
Import-Module ActiveDirectory
Then query the user you want to see the groups for. This command can also list the groups for other groups in case of inheritance.
Get-ADPrincipalGroupMembership "username" | select name